編(bian)者按：天(tian)內(nei)，時代國際用電職業口(kou)碑好期刊《Power》發(fa)布(bu)發(fa)表論(lun)(lun)文(wen)“模塊圖片化(hua)發(fa)火(huo)(huo)力(li)火(huo)(huo)力(li)發(fa)電廠廠未能延長肯(ken)(ken)尼(ni)亞地熱效應”的(de)論(lun)(lun)文(wen)，向全國推(tui)(tui)薦我集團電話最新推(tui)(tui)出的(de)地熱井內(nei)電廠技巧試述(shu)偉(wei)大成(cheng)果。也是繼塔斯社(she)、《人(ren)民(min)群眾日報》等全球(qiu)央媒推(tui)(tui)薦開山(shan)在肯(ken)(ken)尼(ni)亞達到的(de)偉(wei)大成(cheng)果，，又現個全球(qiu)級多媒體的(de)介紹(shao)。
《Power Magazine》在(zai)全.球(qiu)供(gong)電局業(ye)(ye)具備有(you)明顯的(de)(de)(de)決(jue)定(ding)力。看做全.球(qiu)最最古的(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)源業(ye)(ye)雜(za)志期(qi)刊(kan)其中之一(yi)，自1882年創刊(kan)至今(jin)以來，已是(shi)為供(gong)電局在(zai)業(ye)(ye)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)非(fei)(fei)常(chang)(chang)更(geng)更(geng)重(zhong)要(yao)資(zi)(zi)料(liao)來源于和業(ye)(ye)標(biao)。其決(jue)定(ding)力既來源于市(shi)(shi)場性性和歷程性，還正是(shi)因為其都有(you)大范圍的(de)(de)(de)消費群客戶群體，大家區域了全.球(qiu)供(gong)電局業(ye)(ye)市(shi)(shi)場黨外人(ren)群，有(you)供(gong)電局公程師、操作(zuo)負責人(ren)、方(fang)法(fa)學(xue)(xue)者、行政(zheng)領(ling)導者和企(qi)業(ye)(ye)領(ling)導層(ceng)，它按照展示深化的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)概述(shu)、情況論(lun)述(shu)和業(ye)(ye)文章，作(zuo)用(yong)市(shi)(shi)場黨外人(ren)群制做好的(de)(de)(de)行政(zheng)決(jue)策分析(xi)和表達業(ye)(ye)動態性。《Power Magazine》在(zai)全.球(qiu)供(gong)電局業(ye)(ye)辦(ban)演非(fei)(fei)常(chang)(chang)更(geng)更(geng)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)腳色，不僅資(zi)(zi)料(liao)網絡傳播的(de)(de)(de)非(fei)(fei)常(chang)(chang)更(geng)更(geng)重(zhong)要(yao)流通(tong)渠道(dao)，也是(shi)業(ye)(ye)市(shi)(shi)場趨(qu)勢和方(fang)法(fa)成長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)頻標(biao)，該學(xue)(xue)術(shu)期(qi)刊(kan)宣介開山(shan)(shan)坡(po)地熱井(jing)筒模塊電源水電站方(fang)法(fa)標(biao)志圖案著我集團官網都有(you)自主學(xue)(xue)習(xi)學(xue)(xue)識使(shi)用(yong)權的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)在(zai)方(fang)法(fa)受到(dao)在(zai)業(ye)(ye)內(nei)時代趨(qu)勢新媒體的(de)(de)(de)認同感，也料(liao)將較大地促進推動開山(shan)(shan)方(fang)法(fa)在(zai)全.球(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)操作(zuo)。
后面(mian)是本編輯器(qi)部推送的新聞(wen)事件超鏈(lian)接和(he)男模(mo)博(bo)客文章內容的英漢(han)雙文對比文檔，以饗(xiang)萌芽雜(za)志。
全文網頁鏈接：//www.powermag.com/a-modular-power-plant-is-steaming-up-kenyas-geothermal-efficiency/
A Modular Power Plant Is Steaming Up Kenya's Geothermal Efficiency
Sosian Menegai during the commissioning phase. Courtesy: Kaishan Group
Sosian Menengai Geothermal Power, Kenya’s newest geothermal power plant, is powered by modular technology that maximizes efficiency, reduces costs, and enhances scalability.
Kenya’s scenic Rift Valley region is a literal hotbed of geothermal potential. Part of the vast East African Rift Valley System (EARS), a 6,400-kilometer (km) tectonic divergence that is cleaving the African continent into two plates, Kenya’s Rift Valley forms a vertical corridor of intensive faulting and volcanic activity, hot springs, fumaroles, and sulfur-oozing fissures. But while the country began geothermal exploration for power development in the 1950s, most of its investments have been focused on the Olkaria region situated within Hell’s Gate National Park near the flamingo-flecked Lake Naivasha in Nakuru County. Five of six geothermal power stations in Olkaria are owned by KenGen (with a combined capacity of 799 MW), while Nevada-based Ormat Technologies owns a 150-MW plant. Olkaria plants in 2023 provided nearly 45% of Kenya’s total generation, a sizeable contribution to the East African powerhouse’s meager 3.3-GW installed capacity.
In 2008, the Geothermal Development Co. (GDC), a state-owned special-purpose vehicle tasked with accelerating the nation’s geothermal resource development, expanded its focus to the Menengai region just north of Olkaria, at the site of a massive shield volcano with one of the biggest calderas in the world. While GDC says the Menengai complex harbors a potential of 1,600 MW, its long-term goal is to develop 465 MW of geothermal steam equivalent.
In 2013, it took the first step to competitively award the first three initial 35-MW power projects at the complex to three independent power producers (IPPs): Orpower 22 (a former subsidiary of New York firm Symbion now owned by China’s Kaishan Group), South African-based Quantum Power East Africa (now majority owned by UK firm Globeleq), and Nairobi-headquartered Sosian Energy. In August 2023, the first of these projects—Menengai III, now formally known as the Sosian Menengai Geothermal Power—wrapped up a 16-month construction timeframe and began delivering first power to the grid.
Map showing location of geothermal area along the Kenyan Rift Valley. Courtesy: KenGen
A Technology Breakthrough
Sosian’s condensed timeframe is especially stunning given that traditional geothermal development can exceed seven years. This is owing in part to a complex process that involves drilling and testing multiple wells, selecting a centralized power plant location, ordering steam turbines, and constructing extensive steam collection and reinjection systems. The traditional approach is also ridden with risks, including significant delays and inefficiencies, such as energy losses from steam pressure drops, thermal losses over long distances, and the underutilization of wells with varying pressures.
Sosian, to some measure, had the benefit of the GDC’s public-private partnership model for developing Menengai, under which the GDC assumes upfront risks of geothermal development. The state company has also notably set out to develop the field in five phases, starting with a 105-MW “steam sales” model, where it supplies steam from drilled wells to the power plants via a 25-km steam gathering and piping system. As of 2023, GDC had drilled 53 wells with a potential of 169 MW.
However, the power plant’s success can also be attributed to a distinctive new geothermal development process introduced by China’s Kaishan Group. Dr. Tang Yan, general manager of Kaishan Group, recalled realizing the need for a dramatic shift at a 2015 geothermal conference in Melbourne, Australia, where experts discussed the pitfalls of conventional methods. “I said, ‘Why don’t you put a power plant on the wellhead and do it phase by phase?’ ” he recounted.
Overcoming Traditional Challenges
While the approach proposed to support incremental power production from the start while providing revenue to support future project expansion, Yan learned no technology to support the approach was commercially available. Kaishan, which had then already begun its transition from a giant Shanghai-headquartered air compressor maker to a diversified global company, jumped into action to leverage its 2012-developed Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) expander and screw steam expander technologies.
The technologies—originally developed for waste heat recovery from refineries and steel mills—allowed Kaishan to optimize geothermal power generation by maximizing energy output from varying well conditions, reducing inefficiencies, and enabling the development of four types of decentralized, modular power plants that are quicker to deploy and more adaptable to different geothermal fields, Yan told POWER. “These modular power plants include the steam screw expander modular power plants, the steam ORC modular power plants, the brine ORC modular power plants, and the steam and brine dual resource modular power plants,” he explained.
Steam screw expanders are specifically designed to handle wet or saturated steam, which is common in geothermal wells, effectively extracting energy from a wider range of well conditions, including wells with high non-condensable gas (NCG) content that may not be suitable for traditional turbines. ORC systems, meanwhile, are adept at converting lower-temperature steam and brine—byproducts that would otherwise go to waste—into additional electricity, Yan said.
In addition, Kaishan’s modular plants can be used to form hybrid cycles or thermal systems to meet any production well conditions, maximize their power output, and eliminate low-head pressure (WHP) wasted wells or idling wells. Because the technologies can be adapted to specific geothermal resource conditions at different project sites, they can be tailored to provide stellar efficiency, he said. “We can improve the well thermal efficiency of, for example, medium enthalpy wells, to up to 18% and 19%,” he said. That compares to only 8% to 12% for traditional centralized power plants that only use single-flash steam, he noted.
he 35-MWe Sosian Menengai Geothermal Power plant was commissioned in August 2023. The plant uses two Kaishan geothermal steam counterpressure screw expanders, which discharge their exhausts into three Organic Rankine Cycle units. Courtesy: Kaishan Group
A Competitive Edge for New Geothermal Power
Kaishan quickly expanded the niche technology into a lucrative business. Since it put online the first of four phases of the 240-MW Sorik Marapi Geothermal Project in Indonesia in 2018, it has built the 10-MW Sokoria Geothermal, also in Indonesia, alongside projects in Turkey, the U.S., and Hungary. At Sosian, Kaishan’s first project in Kenya, the company served as the engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) contractor.
According to Yan, Kaishan’s cost-effective price point proved a crucial selection advantage. Kaishan’s EPC contract is valued at $65 million, compared to a $108 million EPC contract recently awarded for Menengai II, one of the region’s three equally sized IPP projects. The price difference is rooted in the technology selection, Yan explained. While Sosian’s 35-MW project was designed as a centralized power plant, it is powered by two steam screw expanders and three wet steam ORC modular power plants.
However, GDC’s steam contains 3.3% NCG—which represents a “huge percentage,” he said. If Sosian used traditional steam turbines, they would need to expand steam at 6 bar absolute and then consume more then 30 tons of steam per hour to remove NCG using steam injectors and vacuum pumps. Instead, Sosian employs steam screw expanders and a bottom cycle to handle the saturated steam discharge, reducing the steam to atmospheric levels throughout the entire process while eliminating the parasitic power typically consumed by vacuum systems.
“The overall efficiency compared to a traditional steam turbine is a huge game changer for this site,” Yan said. “The project only needed a guarantee of 33.25 MW, and the target was 35 MW, but we’re actually generating 37 MW.” At the same time, the project doesn’t need to purchase the extra 10% of steam for a steam injector, putting less of a burden on the GDC, he said.
A Solution for Idled Wells
The modularity of the system also proved beneficial to speed up construction and, crucially, to overcome supply chain and project management challenges posed by the COVID pandemic, Yan said. Kaishan typically assembles the modules and conducts component testing in a factory setting over six to nine months, he said. “And then, when we ship to the site, usually it takes a very short time to put them together, and you don’t need to do any welding on the power modules,” he added. “That’s sometimes where quality control can be a challenge,” he noted.
The success of the Sosian Menegai project has so far sparked significant interest in Kenya’s geothermal industry, Yan said. A key reason is that Kenya has a lot of wells, and an estimated 25% to 30% of those wells may not be supported by a steam collection system, which is needed by centralized steam turbines. “They call them idled wells or wasted wells, and they sit there and do nothing,” even if it was costly to drill them, he said. “But our technology doesn’t have that limitation because we can use any good pressure, whether they can produce brine or steam.”
—Sonal Patel is a POWER senior editor (@sonalcpatel, @POWERmagazine).
漢語譯成稿
組件化帶發水電廠正處于(yu)增(zeng)進肯尼亞地(di)熱(re)轉化率
測試時間段的 Sosian Menegai。高清圖片源：開山公司
肯尼亞(ya)全新的地(di)熱來發火力電廠 Sosian Menengai 地熱發電站廠使用板塊化技藝，可最主要裝量延長質量、減低生產成本并明顯增強可存儲性。
肯(ken)尼(ni)(ni)亞自(zi)然風景(jing)明麗的(de)(de)(de)(de)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)東北(bei)部(bu)是(shi)地(di)(di)熱(re)環境資源的(de)(de)(de)(de)寶庫。肯(ken)尼(ni)(ni)亞裂(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)是(shi)一(yi)望無際的(de)(de)(de)(de)東非大(da)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)整(zheng)體(ti) (EARS) 的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)部(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)影(ying)分(fen)，東非大(da)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)整(zheng)體(ti)是(shi)一(yi)種個(ge)短短 6,400 公里(li)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)層解剖圖(tu)分(fen)叉，將(jiang)剛果臺(tai)灣的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)區(qu)幾(ji)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)二。肯(ken)尼(ni)(ni)亞裂(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)生成一(yi)個(ge)多(duo)個(ge)徑(jing)直連廊，中間有(you)密布的(de)(de)(de)(de)斷裂(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)帶和火山(shan)生活(huo)、溫泉度(du)假村、噴孔洞和硝酸鈉滲出來的(de)(de)(de)(de)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)開(kai)。我以為(wei)(wei)肯(ken)尼(ni)(ni)亞在 20 世際 50 年(nian)就著手確(que)定地(di)(di)熱(re)探礦以開(kai)發(fa)技術電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣，但其大(da)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)分(fen)資金都低(di)效在屬(shu)于十八層地(di)(di)獄之城發(fa)展(zhan)中國家(jia)景(jing)區(qu)公園內的(de)(de)(de)(de)奧(ao)爾卡里(li)亞的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)區(qu)，該(gai)景(jing)區(qu)公園靠著納庫魯縣火烈鳥亮色的(de)(de)(de)(de)納瓦沙(sha)湖。奧(ao)爾卡里(li)亞的(de)(de)(de)(de)六座(zuo)地(di)(di)熱(re)發(fa)水(shui)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)有(you)五座(zuo)歸 KenGen 幾(ji)乎所有(you)（總儲(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量為(wei)(wei) 799 萬千瓦），而(er)總店(dian)屬(shu)于內華達(da)州的(de)(de)(de)(de) Ormat Technologies擁(yong)有(you)著一(yi)幢 150 萬千瓦的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)水(shui)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)。到(dao) 2023 年(nian)，奧(ao)爾卡里(li)亞 (Olkaria) 水(shui)泥廠將(jiang)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)肯(ken)尼(ni)(ni)亞近 45% 的(de)(de)(de)(de)總發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量，為(wei)(wei)這家(jia)東非重力僅有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de) 3.3 吉瓦的(de)(de)(de)(de)裝機系統儲(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量弄出了碩大(da)分(fen)享。
2008 年，地(di)熱(re)(re)開發(fa)(fa)工廠 (GDC) 將關鍵性(xing)擴展到奧爾卡(ka)里亞以北的梅(mei)嫩(nen)蓋的地(di)方，該(gai)的地(di)方有(you)的是(shi)座可(ke)觀的盾形火山，存在社(she)會上(shang)較大的火山口之(zhi)五。地(di)熱(re)(re)開發(fa)(fa)工廠有(you)的是(shi)家國(guo)有(you)控股特殊化必要性(xing)工廠，其的任(ren)務是(shi)降速泰(tai)國(guo)的地(di)熱(re)(re)資源(yuan)開發(fa)(fa)。GDC 認(ren)為，梅(mei)嫩(nen)蓋結(jie)合(he)體暗含著 1,600 MW的地(di)熱(re)(re)能(neng)力，但(dan)其長久目的是(shi)開發(fa)(fa) 465 MW的地(di)熱(re)(re)蒸氣當量。
2013 年，該集團官網跨出了第一個(ge)(ge)步(bu)，借(jie)助激烈模式將該綜合管理體中的前4個(ge)(ge) 35 MW火力發電(dian)內(nei)容(rong)授與二家獨有(you)電(dian)量廠家直銷商 (IPP)：Orpower 22（名字的由來(lai)為(wei)紐(niu)約市(shi) Symbion 子機構的子子機構，現(xian)(xian)歸我國的開山(shan)實業(ye)(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)幾乎(hu)所有(you)）、企業(ye)(ye)(ye)地址處(chu)于巴西的 Quantum Power East Africa（現(xian)(xian)由美(mei)國子機構 Globeleq 控股企業(ye)(ye)(ye)）和企業(ye)(ye)(ye)地址處(chu)于內(nei)羅(luo)畢的 Sosian Energy。2023 年 8 月，哪些的樓(lou)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)中的首(shou)要個(ge)(ge)的樓(lou)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)——Menengai III（現(xian)(xian)勞動(dong)合同制叫做 Sosian Menengai 地熱(re)帶(dai)發電(dian)的樓(lou)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)）終止了期為(wei) 16 三(san)個(ge)(ge)月的建沒施工時間，并已經(jing)向(xiang)魅(mei)力部(bu)門傳送首(shou)要批魅(mei)力。
地理位址圖出現了肯尼亞裂谷周邊地熱區的位址。照片源于：KenGen
能力進階
上(shang)述情(qing)況傳統(tong)(tong)地熱(re)發(fa)展概率(lv)要費時超越四年，Sosian 的(de)減短日期非(fei)常這令(ling)驚艷。這在千萬(wan)階(jie)段上(shang)歸(gui)因于(yu)一種(zhong)繁瑣的(de)期間，收(shou)(shou)錄(lu)鉆井和測式多家井、挑選(xuan)一起發(fa)電(dian)機組廠所在位置、定(ding)貨飽(bao)和過(guo)(guo)熱(re)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)氣(qi)泄壓(ya)(ya)(ya)閥機甚至施工(gong)道路劃(hua)線具有(you)廣泛性的(de)飽(bao)和過(guo)(guo)熱(re)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)氣(qi)回收(shou)(shou)進行和再引入系(xi)統(tong)(tong)化(hua)。傳統(tong)(tong)方式 也充電(dian)風險控制，收(shou)(shou)錄(lu)明顯的(de)晚點和轉化(hua)率(lv)較弱，列如 飽(bao)和過(guo)(guo)熱(re)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)氣(qi)水壓(ya)(ya)(ya)減少引致的(de)人體脂肪(fang)失(shi)去(qu)、長路程熱(re)失(shi)去(qu)甚至水壓(ya)(ya)(ya)發(fa)展的(de)井的(de)進行不(bu)到(dao)位。
在某項數量上，Sosian 收益于 GDC 激(ji)(ji)發(fa) Menengai 的(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)私大(da)公(gong)(gong)司合作形式 ，只能根據(ju)該形式 ，GDC 擔責地(di)熱(re)激(ji)(ji)發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)早期的(de)(de)(de)風險。不錯需注意的(de)(de)(de)是，這(zhe)間(jian)國有企(qi)業大(da)公(gong)(gong)司還計(ji)劃方(fang)案(an)分(fen)五階段中激(ji)(ji)發(fa)該地(di)熱(re)田，先要用(yong) 105 千(qian)伏安的(de)(de)(de)“水(shui)(shui)蒸(zheng)氣(qi)售(shou)賣”形式 ，進行 25 km/h長的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)蒸(zheng)氣(qi)獲取和(he)管網設備將鉆孔中的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)蒸(zheng)氣(qi)供給給帶發(fa)發(fa)電站(zhan)。公(gong)(gong)布 2023 年，GDC 已勘探了 53 口井，實力為 169 千(qian)伏安。
可(ke)是，該風能(neng)(neng)發電(dian)量(liang)廠(chang)的(de)(de)出(chu)色也(ye)歸功于(yu)中開(kai)山群(qun)體網(wang)站(zhan)發布的(de)(de)獨(du)家的(de)(de)最新科技地(di)熱(re)開(kai)發管理生產技術。開(kai)山群(qun)體網(wang)站(zhan)總副(fu)總湯(tang)炎(yan)醫學博士(shi)記憶 說(shuo)，他在 2015 年加拿大墨爾(er)本承(cheng)辦的(de)(de)地(di)熱(re)例會(hui)上察覺(jue)到(dao)還要使用很大變為，起初專業人士(shi)們小組討論(lun)了(le)過(guo)去的(de)(de)方(fang)式的(de)(de)異(yi)常(chang)現(xian)象(xiang)。“跟我說(shuo)，‘你為之類不(bu)會(hui)閥井建(jian)一(yi)款風能(neng)(neng)發電(dian)量(liang)廠(chang)，分第(di)一(yi)階段使用呢？’”他記憶 道(dao)。
克服害怕民俗挑戰
盡管該(gai)做(zuo)法從開一己經就提供(gong)了(le)鼓(gu)(gu)勵增量配電網(wang)發電站，另外提供(gong)了(le)薪資(zi)以鼓(gu)(gu)勵未來生活的(de)投(tou)資(zi)項(xiang)目(mu)擴張，但湯炎博士后知道到，不存在鼓(gu)(gu)勵該(gai)做(zuo)法的(de)技術可供(gong)房地(di)產業(ye)動用。開山當年己經己經從1家(jia)(jia)總部基地(di)坐落(luo)于鄭州的(de)專業(ye)新(xin)鮮(xian)空大氣文(wen)件空壓機(ji)生產商轉型發展為1家(jia)(jia)專業(ye)多元(yuan)化化的(de)全球(qiu)各地(di)性廠家(jia)(jia)，并(bing)及時展開聯合行動，巧用其 2012 年制作的(de)有機(ji)會朗肯反復的(de) (ORC) 彭脹機(ji)和擠出機(ji)螺桿水蒸氣變大機(ji)技術設備。
湯炎研究生知道了《POWER》刊物，這技藝初始是為收售煉鐵廠和軋鋼廠的廢熱而激發的，它使開山公司就能憑借上限容許地加強區別井況下的電量傳輸、減掉低效能率，同時激發四大的類型的分離式電源框架發水泥廠廠來改善地熱發水泥廠，這發水泥廠廠投放加速度快一點，更能轉變區別的地熱田。 “以下(xia)引(yin)擎(qing)化(hua)并(bing)網(wang)(wang)發火(huo)電(dian)站(zhan)包(bao)括蒸氣螺母澎脹(zhang)機引(yin)擎(qing)化(hua)并(bing)網(wang)(wang)發火(huo)電(dian)站(zhan)、蒸氣 ORC 引(yin)擎(qing)化(hua)并(bing)網(wang)(wang)發火(huo)電(dian)站(zhan)、茶水(shui) ORC 引(yin)擎(qing)化(hua)并(bing)網(wang)(wang)發火(huo)電(dian)站(zhan)包(bao)括蒸氣和茶水(shui)雙影視資源引(yin)擎(qing)化(hua)并(bing)網(wang)(wang)發火(huo)電(dian)站(zhan)，”他釋疑說。
液體(ti)(ti)螺母(mu)彭(peng)脹機專用(yong)制作代替外理地熱井上常(chang)見的(de)濕(shi)液體(ti)(ti)或趨(qu)于穩定液體(ti)(ti)，還有(you)效(xiao)從很多(duo)井況中生成用(yong)電量(liang)，包涵概(gai)率(lv)痛感合傳(chuan)統增壓(ya)機的(de)不(bu)凝性實驗室氣體(ti)(ti) (NCG)含磷(lin)量(liang)高的(de)井。與此另外，ORC 模式精于將(jiang)地溫液體(ti)(ti)和(he)蒸餾水（除(chu)非等等副企業產品(pin)將(jiang)被的(de)浪費）應用(yong)為(wei)更多(duo)的(de)用(yong)電量(liang)，湯(tang)炎博士后說。
顯然(ran)，開山的(de)(de)控制實用化電站(zhan)都(dou)(dou)還(huan)都(dou)(dou)能(neng)(neng)否(fou)于(yu)形成(cheng)了(le)混雜巡環或(huo)熱(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)整體，以(yi)考慮其余(yu)出產井(jing)水平，上(shang)限(xian)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)地增(zeng)長其發發電站(zhan)池壽(shou)命，并去除舒(shu)張壓 (WHP) 鋪張浪費井(jing)或(huo)閑(xian)余(yu)井(jing)。我都(dou)(dou)，可(ke)能(neng)(neng)那(nei)些新技(ji)術(shu)還(huan)都(dou)(dou)能(neng)(neng)否(fou)習慣(guan)不(bu)一樣項目路(lu)線(xian)的(de)(de)指定(ding)區域地熱(re)(re)網絡資源水平，因為還(huan)都(dou)(dou)能(neng)(neng)否(fou)量身訂做制定(ding)以(yi)提供(gong)數據專(zhuan)業技(ji)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)速率。我都(dou)(dou)：“你們(men)還(huan)都(dou)(dou)能(neng)(neng)否(fou)將中焓井(jing)的(de)(de)熱(re)(re)速率增(zeng)長到 18% 和 19%。”他闡明，不(bu)同于(yu)于(yu)此(ci)，僅運用單筆閃蒸(zheng)蒸(zheng)汽式(shi)的(de)(de)普通一起式(shi)發發電站(zhan)站(zhan)的(de)(de)熱(re)(re)速率僅為 8% 至(zhi) 12%。
35 MWe 的 Sosian Menengai 地熱并網發導熱油于 2023 年 8 月投資回報動用。該導熱油動用兩個路由器開是山坡地熱蒸汽發生器反壓擠出機螺桿回縮機，將尾氣排出到多個有機酸朗肯配置系統中。所有圖片渠道：開山控股集團
新地熱發電機組的競爭性競爭有優勢
開(kai)山(shan)不斷(duan)將這一小眾品牌技術應用(yong)開(kai)拓(tuo)為一系列收益豐碩的(de)服務(wu)。自2018 年在新加坡(po)尼(ni)西(xi)亞投入運營 240 萬千(qian)瓦 Sorik Marapi 地(di)(di)熱(re)投資(zi)(zi)大型投資(zi)(zi)項目(mu)(mu)四(si)期(qi)建筑工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中的(de)最期(qi)之初，該集團已在新加坡(po)尼(ni)西(xi)亞制(zhi)作(zuo)了(le) 10 萬千(qian)瓦的(de) Sokoria 地(di)(di)熱(re)投資(zi)(zi)大型投資(zi)(zi)項目(mu)(mu)，最后還處于西(xi)班牙(ya)、美式和匈牙(ya)利深入推進了(le)投資(zi)(zi)大型投資(zi)(zi)項目(mu)(mu)。Sosian是開(kai)山(shan)在肯尼(ni)亞的(de)第1 個(ge)地(di)(di)熱(re)好項目(mu)(mu)，司出任項目(mu)(mu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)、采購合同和安(an)全施工(gong) (EPC) 企業承包商。
湯炎(yan)(yan)博土數(shu)字(zi)代表(biao)，開山(shan)水(shui)(shui)火(huo)熱(re)水(shui)(shui)泥廠(chang)(chang)(chang)兼備利(li)潤社會效益的(de)價點是其(qi)核(he)心的(de)考(kao)慮優劣勢(shi)。開山(shan)水(shui)(shui)火(huo)熱(re)水(shui)(shui)泥廠(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de) EPC 配資勞務協(xie)議成本 6500 萬美金，而該省(sheng)市這(zhe)五個(ge)一樣(yang)企業規模的(de) IPP 大型(xing)工程中的(de)一種 Menengai II 近(jin)來取得(de)的(de) EPC 配資勞務協(xie)議成本 1.08 億(yi)美金。湯炎(yan)(yan)博土詮釋說，價文化差異的(de)根本原因就在(zai)技能考(kao)慮。盡管說 Sosian 的(de) 35 萬千瓦(wa)大型(xing)工程的(de)設計為網絡化式發水(shui)(shui)火(huo)熱(re)水(shui)(shui)泥廠(chang)(chang)(chang)，但(dan)它由這(zhe)兩個(ge)水(shui)(shui)汽螺栓熱(re)膨脹機和這(zhe)五個(ge)濕水(shui)(shui)汽 ORC 版塊化發水(shui)(shui)火(huo)熱(re)水(shui)(shui)泥廠(chang)(chang)(chang)打造動力系統。
所以，GDC 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空氣壓縮(suo)(suo)發生器(qi)(qi)有 3.3% 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de) NCG，這1個“龐大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)費率”，我都。若是 Sosian 適用傳統藝術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空氣壓縮(suo)(suo)發生器(qi)(qi)輪機(ji)，你必須將水(shui)蒸汽(qi)彭脹至 6 bar 或(huo)然壓差(cha)，最后每小時英文耗費已超 30 噸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)液(ye)體(ti)，的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)食用液(ye)體(ti)噴射器(qi)(qi)和機(ji)械泵泵清(qing)掉 NCG。對立(li)，Sosian 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)食用液(ye)體(ti)絲杠變形(xing)機(ji)和底層反復的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)來工作(zuo)過飽和液(ye)體(ti)尾(wei)氣排放標準，在一個環節(jie)中可能液(ye)體(ti)有效降低到(dao)美觀情況，也(ye)排除機(ji)械泵操作(zuo)系(xi)統大(da)部分耗費的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)寄身工作(zuo)電壓。
“與傳統水蒸汽輪機(ji)較(jiao)之，整個利(li)用率而對于(yu)該停站(zhan)并不是都是個大的(de)改善，”湯炎搏士講道。“某(mou)項目只需(xu)要切(qie)實(shi)保(bao)障(zhang) 33.25 萬(wan)千瓦，任務(wu)是 35 萬(wan)千瓦，但企業事(shi)實(shi)上發電池壽(shou)命為 37 萬(wan)千瓦。”時(shi)候，某(mou)項目不是需(xu)要另外網上購買10%的(de)壓縮(suo)空氣式用來(lai)壓縮(suo)空氣式噴(pen)灑(sa)器，導致緩(huan)解了GDC的(de)的(de)負擔，再說。
閑余地熱井的避免計劃方案
湯炎醫生(sheng)說(shuo)，該系(xi)統的(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)板塊化來(lai)設計(ji)當然也有益于(yu)縮短施(shi)工過程快慢，更重要的(de)(de)的(de)(de)是(shi)，有助克制新冠(guan)新冠(guan)肺炎獲得的(de)(de)批售(shou)鏈(lian)和該項(xiang)目維護對決(jue)。他(ta)說(shuo)道，開(kai)山一般(ban)(ban)來(lai)說(shuo)會在(zai)(zai)六(liu)到6個月的(de)(de)日子內拼(pin)裝流水線(xian)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)模組圖片并在(zai)(zai)生(sheng)產廠家周圍環境中實行引(yin)擎各(ge)種測(ce)試。“第三，我(wo)就們寄運到現場時(shi)，一般(ban)(ban)來(lai)說(shuo)只(zhi)需很短的(de)(de)日子可以了(le)將我(wo)們拼(pin)裝流水線(xian)在(zai)(zai)同(tong)食(shi)，和您不用對電源(yuan)線(xian)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)模組圖片實行其余焊接方(fang)法，”他(ta)獲取道。“有時(shi)候，線(xian)質(zhi)量(liang)調控或者是(shi)同(tong)一個對決(jue)，”他(ta)明確指出。
他(ta)還說，Sosian Menegai 工作的勝利(li)目前為(wei)止已吸(xi)引老百姓對肯尼亞地熱高新產(chan)業的甚大想法。一些重要(yao)理由是肯尼亞有(you)好多井(jing)(jing)(jing)，估么著但其中 25% 到 30% 的井(jing)(jing)(jing)可(ke)(ke)不能水(shui)蒸(zheng)(zheng)氣(qi)回(hui)收體(ti)系，而(er)水(shui)蒸(zheng)(zheng)氣(qi)回(hui)收體(ti)系是密集式水(shui)蒸(zheng)(zheng)氣(qi)蝸輪機所須要(yao)的。“他(ta)倆稱這(zhe)一些井(jing)(jing)(jing)為(wei)閑置不用(yong)井(jing)(jing)(jing)或丟(diu)棄井(jing)(jing)(jing)，這(zhe)句(ju)話就(jiu)擺到東京，哪種是不做”，如果勘探這(zhe)一些井(jing)(jing)(jing)的利(li)潤很(hen)高，“但各(ge)位的技能不能此(ci)類約束，根(gen)據(ju)各(ge)位可(ke)(ke)操作很(hen)多順暢的有(you)壓力，不管怎樣這(zhe)句(ju)話是生產(chan)生理鹽水(shui)仍然(ran)水(shui)蒸(zheng)(zheng)氣(qi)。”
— Sonal Patel 是 POWER 的高排版（@sonalcpatel, @POWERmagazine）